Epistemic Challenges of Digital Twins & Virtual Brains: Perspectives from Fundamental Neuroethics

In this article, we present and analyse the concept of Digital Twin (DT) linked to distinct types objects (artefacts, natural, inanimate or living) examine challenges involved in creating them from a fundamental neuroethics approach that emphasises conceptual analyses. We begin by providing brief description DTs their initial development as models artefacts physical objects, identifying core building these tools noting intended benefits. Next, describe attempts build model living entities, such hearts, highlighting novel raised shift objects. Against background, give an account contemporary research aiming develop human brain "virtual brains", e.g. simulation engine The Virtual Brain (TVB) it is carried out European Human Project. Since structurally functionally most complex organ body, our integrated knowledge its functional architecture remains limited spite recent neuroscientific advances, create virtual copies are correspondingly challenging. suggest clear scientific theoretical structure, clarity transparency regarding methods goals technological necessary prerequisites order make project constructing brains theoretically promising socially beneficial scientific, philosophical enterprise.